Brick-kiln



(No Medel.) 3 sheetssheen 1 J. W; PENFIELD.

BRICK KILN.

Ne.48o,936.- Petented Aug.16,1892.

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giglilne J. W. PENPIELD.

BRICK KILN. No. 480,936. Patented Aug-16, 1892.

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J. W. PENFIBLD.

BRICK KILN. No. 480,936. Patented Aug. 16, 1892.

UNrTED STATES PATENT rrrcn.

JAMES W. PENFIELD, OF WILLOUGHBY, OHIO.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part f Letters Patent No. 480,936, dated August 16, 1892.

Application tiled August- 18, 1891. Serial No. 403.034. (No model.)

, hereinafter described, and pointed out in the brick-kilns embodying my invention.

. tions.

claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a plan of the roof of a continuous series of Fig. 2

is a plan taken at the floor-line. Fig. 3 is an enlarged elevation in longitudinal section.

In carrying out my invention a suitable plat of ground is leveled off and divided by a driveway into two equal rectagular sec- (SeeFigs. 1 and 2.) Each kiln-section is inclosed by a suitable wall and is divided by cross-walls into a series of compartments supposed to be of equal dimensions the one with the other. Under the floor of each compartment and close to the one side thereof is built a furnace A, and by the side of such furnace and parallel therewith is built a ue B, this Hue being constructed under the next compartment. The arch or roof of a furnace on the side farthest from the flue is composed of solid brickwork, while the arch or roof of such furnace next the flue is built in piers or sections usually the length of a brick, and between such piers or sections are spaces a, about four inches Wide, alternating with the piers. Spaces a extend up through the oor of the compartment abovethe furnace and also extend laterally and open into the adjacent flue B, from whence lead vertical openings b, and discharging into the compartment above the flue. Openings?) are provided with dampers b for closing orpartially closing the same, as the case may be, these dampers being usually flat tiles. FluesB at their ends connect with chimneys D, these chimneys having dampers,` as at cl, for closing the same. Also openings d lead from each compartment into the opposite chimneys, and these openings are closed by dampers. (Not shown.) These chimneys are used principally in starting the tire in the furnaces, and after the furnaces are well under way the dampers of these chimneys are closed and may be opened again in the cooling-down process. Vith the construction shown the products of combustion may pass into the compartment above a furnace, and if dampers b of the co-operating flue B be open the products of combustion may also pass from the furnace through opening a into the adjacent fine B, and from thence may pass into the compartment above such flue. Also, if the furnace-doors be closed the hot air from one compartment may pass from thence down through openings a into Hue B, and from thence may pass through opening b into the next adjacent compartment, whereby the surplus heat from one compartment Where the bricks have been burned or nearly so, may be passed into the next adjacent compartment and utilized in dryingor partiallyburning the bricks in such adjacent compartment.

O represents the doorways in the side walls through which access is had to the different compartments.

I I are merely butt-resses for bracing the outside walls M M are trenches located in front of each furnace, where the operator stands in firing.

E E are the partition-walls, with arches E for supporting the roof, the arches of course constituting a part of the roof. There are a number of small openings e leading from each compartment up through the roof, these being constructed, preferably, by setting hollow tiles in the roof and arch when these are being constructed, openings e being covered each byatile e', laid on top of the roof. These tiles c are removed during the steamingout or drying stage and afterward replaced while the bricks are being burned. There are alsola row of larger openings F constructed in a similar manner and provided with flat tilesf, respectively, for covering these openings. Openings F are arranged in arow crosswise the kiln and at the center of each compartment, and each row of openings F discharge into a cross-flue G built on top the roof. The side Walls g of a due Gr are usually constructed of asingle layerof brick and the flue is covered with flat tiles g', and the walls and tiles are usually daubed With mud IOO tion, when the bricks in acompartment have t been burned or the burning process has progressed so far that there is more heat than is to render the joints approximately air-tight. A tile g', that is next above a tile f, may at any time be removed to give access to the latter in removing or replacing such tile f from or over an opening F. Each flue G discharges into alongitudinal flue H. Flat tiles may be set edgewise and crosswise at the mouth of any flue G, as at h, to close communication with such flue and flue H, and other tiles in like manner may be set in ue H, as at h. The ends of the two fiues H are connected by pipes H H', so that the system of flues on the roof are connected into au endless series, and the furnace land liues B are connected to form an endless series by means of underground llues B. With such construcwanted in such compartment, such surplus heat may be transmitted through openings a to the next adjacent compartment, and, if it is desired, from thence onto another compartment, and so on. Also, by means of the system of lues on the roof the hot air from one compartment may be transmitted to any advanced compartment in the series. Hence when a fire is made in afurnace the bricks in the compartments adjacent such furnace will likely have been dried and partly burned by means of heat transmitted from other compartments. It will therefore be readily understood that but little fire is necessary in the successive furnaces, from the fact that the bricks in the compartments next adjacent such furnace will only need a little extra heat to complete the burning.

I may add that the chimneys D need only extend to or a trile above the roof, and these are usually built in connection with the side walls and involve but little extra expense.

That portion of the present invention relating to the construction and arrangement of thefurnaces, thefurnace-flues, and intimatelyconnected parts is shown and described in this specification simply to give a clear understanding of the invention; but I make no claim to these parts herein, because they are disclosed in a separate application, Serial No. 403.032, concurrently pending; but

1. A brick-kiln comprising two opposing series of compartments and corresponding serles of furnaces and co-operatng ues arranged substantially as indicated, whereby communication may be had between .next adJacent "compartments by means of a furnace and Hue, a cross-flue located on the roof ofl the kiln above each compartment, such cross-flues discharging in common into a longitudinal flue, and means, substantially as shown, for opening and closing communication between each Across-flue and the compartment below it and between each cross-fiue and the longitudinal ue, substantially as set forth.

2. Abrick kiln comprising two opposing se ries of `compartments with furnaces and ues below the floorV furnishing communication from one compartment to another, substantially as indicated, and a series of cross-fines and a longitudinal flue located on the roof of each section of the kiln and arranged substantially as indicated, whereby communication may be had between different compartments of the same section, the two series of furnaces and fines below the floor being connected .at their extremes to form an endless series and the two series of flues on the roofs being connected at their extremes to constitute an endless series, substantially as set 1 forth.

In testimony whereof I sign this specification, in the presence of two witnesses, this 25th day of July, 1891.

JAMES W. PENFIELD.

Witnesses:

C. H. DORER, WARD HOOVER. 

